This came after they discussed for almost four hours on topics ranging from nuclear arms control to America accusing Russia of cyber attacks.

They later released a joint statement saying Russian-American cooperation will help reduce the threat of a nuclear war.

5 issues discussed at the meeting

Russian-American cooperation

At the meeting, both countries agreed to return ambassadors to their respective embassies.

This is as Biden had earlier stated at the conference that their meeting and agreement is not about trust but mutual interest.

Both countries recalled their ambassadors earlier this year as relation fell apart, however Russia has announced that their ambassador, Anatoly Antonov will go back to America in July.

However, neither president invited the other to visit their country.

Cyber Security

Recently, America suffered two cyber attacks that were blamed on Russian hackers.

But at this summit, Biden said they have agreed to set up a working group that will set up agreements on cyber space relations.

Biden also said America has identified 16 cyber infrastructures that is part of thier touch not infrastructure and said Russia has agreed in principle.

‘Biden is different from Trump’

President Putin said at his own press conference that Biden is different from Donald Trump describing the American president as a “seasoned elder statesman”.

This is one of the few praises the Russian Head of state gave Biden at the meeting.

Russia as accused of interfering in the American 2016 general elections, to which both Putin and Trump deny.

Alexei Nalvany

Putin dismissed America’s worry over Alexei Nalvany who was recently on a 24 day hunger strike.

He said Nalvany ignored the law knowing he will be imprisoned when he entered back Russia after receiving treatment in a German hospital.

Nalvany accused Putin that he ordered he be poisoned with a nerve agent but Putin deny the accusations.

Human Rights

Putin said he doesn’t want an uprising like the US Capitol riots or the Black Lives Matter protests to enter his country.

But Mr Biden shunned Putin’s comments about Black Lives Matter saying they are ‘ridiculous’ as he reiterate human rights will “always be on the table”.

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If all went ahead as planned, economists estimate that such payments will be made to an estimated 40 million African Americans. Any federal reparations program could cost trillions of dollars, they estimate.

Reparations have been used in other circumstances to offset large moral and economic debts – Japanese Americans interned during World War Two received payments, families of Holocaust survivors also received reparations and Blacks in post-apartheid South Africa were settled in some form.

But the United States has never made much headway in discussions of whether or how to compensate African Americans for more than 200 years of slavery and help make up for racial inequality.

HR-40, a bill to fund the study of “slavery and discrimination in the colonies and the United States from 1619 to the present and recommend appropriate remedies” has been floated in Congress for more than 30 years, but never taken up for a full vote.

Biden told the Washington Post last year that “we must acknowledge that there can be no realization of the American dream without grappling with the original sin of slavery, and the centuries-long campaign of violence, fear, and trauma wrought upon Black people in this country.”

But like nearly all of the Democratic presidential candidates at the time, he did not embrace the idea of specific payments to enslaved people’s descendants, instead promising “major actions to address systemic racism” and further study.

Some say this could rekindle the conversation on reparations for Africa as well. In 1999, the African World Reparations and Repatriation Truth Commission called for the European countries to pay $777 trillion to Africa within five years.

One problem in the discussion of financial reparations for the trans-Atlantic slave trade, is which former slave trading and slave-holding nations might owe financial reparations to Africa. About a quarter-million enslaved Africans disembarked in the US between 1626 and 1875, whereas 5.1 million disembarked in Brazil between 1401 and 1875. Does Brazil owe reparations to Africa? Or does Portugal, a slave-trading nation, owe reparations to Brazil, which was then its colony?

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